PreviousIndexNext

"1999 - 2004 IN REVIEW"
California and Federal Cases Reported Since January 1, 1999

7. POLICE LIABILITY

Sub-sections: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
section index

7.1 Police -- In General

Sacramento Police Officer's Assn. v. City of Sacramento (3rd Dist. March 30, 2004) 117 Cal.App.4th 1289 [12 Cal.Rptr.3d 641].

Barnes v. Gorman (U.S. Supreme Court, June 17, 2002) 536 U.S. 181 [122 S.Ct. 2097, 153 L.Ed.2d 230].

Lueter v. State of California (3rd Dist. January 3, 2002) 94 Cal.App.4th 1285 [115 Cal.Rptr.2d 68].

Abbate v. County of Santa Clara (6th Dist. August 28, 2001) 91 Cal.App.4th 1231 [111 Cal.Rptr.2d 412].

Gifford v. City of Los Angeles (2nd Dist., Div. 5, April 26, 2001) 88 Cal.App.4th 801 [106 Cal.Rptr. 2d 164].

Los Angeles Police Dept. v. United Reporting Publishing Corp. (U.S. Supreme Court, December 7, 1999) 528 U.S. 32 [145 L.Ed.2d 451, 120 S.Ct. 483].

San Diego Police Officers Association v. City of San Diego (4th Dist., Div. 1, November 2, 1999) 76 Cal.App.4th 19 [90 Cal.Rptr.2d 6].

Fontana Police Department v. Villegas-Banuelos (4th Dist., Div. 2, September 16, 1999) 74 Cal.App.4th 1249 [88 Cal.Rptr.2d 641].

7.2 Police -- Duty to Use Reasonable Care

Munoz v. City of Union City (1st Dist., Div. 2, July 23, 2004) 120 Cal.App.4th 1077 [16 Cal.Rptr.3d 521].

Nelson v. County of Los Angeles (2nd Dist., Div. 1, November 25, 2003) 113 Cal.App.4th 783 [6 Cal.Rptr.3d 650].

Lugtu v. CHP (California Supreme Court, August 16, 2001) 26 Cal.4th 703 [110 Cal.Rptr.2d 528, 28 P.3d 249].

Benavidez v. San Jose Police Dept. (6th Dist. April 27, 1999) 71 Cal.App.4th 853 [84 Cal.Rptr.2d 157].

7.3 Police -- Vehicular Pursuits

Nguyen v. City of Westminster (4th Dist., Div 3, November 26, 2002) 103 Cal.App.4th 1161 [127 Cal.Rptr.2d 388].

Lewis v. County of Sacramento (3rd Dist. October 25, 2001) 93 Cal.App.4th 107 [113 Cal.Rptr.2d 90].

Cruz v. Briseno (California Supreme Court, March 23, 2000) 22 Cal.4th 568 [93 Cal.Rptr.2d 715, 994 P.2d 986].

Jenkins v. County of Los Angeles (2nd Dist., Div. 4, August 23, 1999) 74 Cal.App.4th 524 [88 Cal.Rptr.2d 149].

Onossian v. Block (9th Cir. May 26, 1999) 175 F.3d 1169.

7.4 Police -- Firefighter's Rule

Hamilton v. Martinelli & Associates (4th Dist., Div. 2, July 23, 2003) 110 Cal.App.4th 1012 [2 Cal.Rptr.3d 168].

Terry v. Garcia (3rd Dist. May 28, 2003) 109 Cal.App.4th 245 [134 Cal.Rptr.2d 565].

Yamaguchi v. Harnsmut (1st Dist., Div. 5, February 21, 2003) 106 Cal.App.4th 472 [130 Cal.Rptr.2d 706].

McElroy v. State of California (4th Dist., Div. 3, July 24, 2002) 100 Cal.App.4th 546 [122 Cal.Rptr.2d 612].

Vasquez v. San Diego (9th Cir. June 11, 2002) 292 F.3d 1049.

Farnam v. State of California (4th Dist., Div. 3, November 28, 2000) 84 Cal.App.4th 1448 [101 Cal.Rptr.2d 301].

Whitfield v. Heckler and Koch (2nd Dist., Div. 4, August 9, 2000) 82 Cal.App.4th 1200 [98 Cal.Rptr.2d 820].

City of Oceanside v. Superior Court (MacDonald) (4th Dist., Div. 1, June 6, 2000) 81 Cal.App.4th 269 [96 Cal.Rptr.2d 621].

Boon v. Riviera (2nd Dist., Div. 4, May 25, 2000) 80 Cal.App.4th 1322 [96 Cal.Rptr.2d 276].

Tilley v. Schulte (2nd Dist., Div. 6, February 22, 1999) 70 Cal.App.4th 79 [82 Cal.Rptr.2d 497].

7.5 Police -- False Arrest and Imprisonment

Johnson v. Lewis (3rd Dist. July 7, 2004) __Cal.App.4th__, 2004 Daily Journal DAR 8251, 2004 WL 1510599.

Peng v. Hu (9th Cir. July 10, 2003) 335 F.3d 970.

Haynie v. Superior Court (County of Los Angeles) (2nd Dist., Div. 4, May 2, 2000) 80 Cal.App.4th 603 [95 Cal.Rptr.2d 560].

Florida v. J.L. (U.S. Supreme Court, March 28, 2000) 529 U.S. 266 [146 L.Ed.2d 254, 120 S.Ct. 1375].

County of Los Angeles v. Superior Court (Valentin) (2nd Dist., Div. 7, February 14, 2000) 78 Cal.App.4th 212 [92 Cal.Rptr.2d 668].

McCutchen v. City of Montclair (4th Dist., Div. 2, July 29, 1999) 73 Cal.App.4th 1138 [87 Cal.Rptr.2d 95].

7.6 Police -- Civil Rights Liability

Motley v. Parks (9th Cir. September 21, 2004) __F.3d__, 2004 Daily Journal DAR 11805, 2004 WL 2093442.

Jones v. City of Santa Monica (9th Cir. September 10, 2004) __F.3d__, 2004 Daily Journal DAR 11304, 2004 WL ____.

Johnson v. City of Sequim (9th Cir. August 31, 2004) __F.3d__, 2004 Daily Journal DAR ____, 2004 WL ____.

Diaz v. Gates (9th Cir. January 20, 2004, as amended August 23, 2004) __F.3d__, 2004 DAR 10506, 2004 WL 1873641.

People v. Jordan (5th Dist. August 10, 2004) __Cal.App.4th__, 2004 Daily Journal DAR 9854, 2004 WL 1775759.

U.S. v. Patane (United States Supreme Court, June 28, 2004) __U.S.__, 2004 Daily Journal DAR 7842, 2004 WL 1431768.

Boyd v. Benton County (9th Cir. June 28, 2004) 374 F.3d 773.

Hiibel v. Sixth Judicial Dist. Court of Nevada (United States Supreme Court, June 21, 2004)__U.S.__, 2004 Daily Journal DAR 7363, 2004 WL 1373207.

Kilroy v. State of California (3rd Dist. June 2, 2004) 119 Cal.App.4th 140 [14 Cal.Rptr.3d 109].

United States v. Flores-Montano (United States Supreme Court, March 30, 2004) __U.S.__, 2004 Daily Journal DAR 3879, 2004 WL 609791.

Thornton v. United States (United States Supreme Court, May 24, 2004) __U.S.__, 2004 Daily Journal DAR 6124, 2004 WL 1144370.

Wall v. County of Orange (9th Cir. April 16, 2004) 364 F.3d 1107.

Lee v. Gregory (9th Cir. April 6, 2004) 363 F.3d 931.

Galvin v. Hay (9th Cir. March 18, 2004) 361 F.3d 1134.

Martin v. City of Oceanside (9th Cir. March 11, 2004) 360 F.3d 1078.

Groh v. Ramirez (United States Supreme Court, February 24, 2004) __ U.S. __ [124 S.Ct. 1284, 157 L.Ed.2d 1068].

Smith v. City of Hemet (9th Cir. January 29, 2004) 356 F.3d 1138.

Guerrero v. Gates (9th Cir. January 29, 2004) 357 F.3d 911.

Fellers v. United States (United States Supreme Court, January 26, 2004) __U.S.__ [124 S.Ct. 1019, 157 L.Ed.2d 1016].

Beier v. City of Lewiston (9th Cir. January 14, 2004) 354 F.3d 1058.

Illinois v. Lidster (United States Supreme Court, January 13, 2004) __U.S.__ [124 S.Ct. 885, 157 L.Ed.2d 843].

Hell's Angels v. McKinley (9th. Cir. January 6, 2004, as ammended February 6, 2004) 360 F.3d 930.

Desyllas v. Bernstine (9th Cir. December 9, 2003) 351 F.3d 934.

Karam v. City of Burbank (9th Cir. December 8, 2003) 352 F.3d 1188.

United States v. Banks (United States Supreme Court, December 2, 2003) __U.S.__ [124 S.Ct. 521, 157 L.Ed.2d 343].

Haugen v. Brosseau (9th Cir. August 4, 2003) 339 F.3d 857, as amended December 5, 2003 by 351 F.3d 372.

Lolli v. County of Orange (9th Cir. November 21, 2003) 351 F.3d 410.

Wilkins v. City of Oakland (9th Cir. November 20, 2003) 350 F.3d 949.

Gausvik v. Perez (9th Cir. October 3, 2003) 345 F.3d 813.

Cunningham v. City of Wenatchee (9th Cir. October 3, 2003) 345 F.3d 802.

Serrano v. Francis (9th Cir. September 26, 2003) 345 F.3d 1071.

In re William V. (1st Dist., Div. 3, September 17, 2003) 111 Cal.App.4th 1464 [4 Cal.Rptr.3d 695].

Drummond v. City of Anaheim (9th Cir. September 10, 2003) 343 F.3d 1052.

Meredith v. Erath (9th Cir. September 8, 2003) 342 F.3d 1057.

City of Simi Valley v. Superior Court (Bayer) (2nd Dist., Div. 6, September 3, 2003) 111 Cal.App.4th 1077 [4 Cal.Rptr.3d 468].

Miller v. Clark County (9th Cir. August 21, 2003) 340 F.3d 959.

Lawrence v. United States (9th Cir. August 21, 2003) 340 F.3d 952.

Karam v. City of Burbank (9th Cir. August 20, 2003) 340 F.3d 884.

Johnson v. County of Los Angeles (9th Cir. August 15, 2003) 340 F.3d 787.

Haynie v. County of Los Angeles (9th Cir. August 12, 2003) 339 F.3d 1071.

Crowell v. City of Coeur D'Alene (9th Cir. August 1, 2003) 339 F.3d 828.

Bingham v. City of Manhattan Beach (9th Cir. May 19, 2003) 329 F.3d 723, as amended August 28, 2003 by 341 F.3d 939.

Martinez v. Chavez (9th Cir. July 30, 2003) 337 F.3d 1091.

Dixon v. Wallowa County (9th Cir. July 21, 2003) 336 F.3d 1013.

Mena v. Muehler (9th Cir. June 23, 2003) 332 F.3d 1255.

Alford v. Haner (9th Cir. June 23, 2003) 333 F.3d 972.

Chavez v. Martinez (United States Supreme Court, May 27, 2003) 583 U.S. 760.

Zeltser v. City of Oakland (9th Cir. April 8, 2003) 325 F.3d 1141.

Martinez v. Stanford (9th Cir. March 26, 2003) 323 F.3d 1178.

Morgan v. United States (9th Cir., March 18, 2003) 323 F.3d 776.

Ganwich v. Pierce County (February 11, 2003) 319 F.3d 1115.

Sanctity of Human Life Network v. California Highway Patrol (3rd Dist. January 27, 2003) 105 Cal.App.4th 858 [129 Cal.Rptr.2d 708].

Grant v. City of Long Beach (9th Cir. December 16, 2002) 315 F.3d 1081.

Cunningham v. Gates (9th Cir. December 13, 2002) 312 F.3d 1148.

Harris v. Grimes (2nd Dist. December 9, 2002) 104 Cal.App.4th 180 [127 Cal.Rptr.2d 791].

Franklin v. Fox (9th Cir. November 27, 2002) 312 F.3d 423.

Sain v. City of Bend (9th Cir. October 29, 2002) 309 F.3d 1134.

Gallegos v. City of Los Angeles (9th Cir. October 11, 2002) 308 F.3d 987.

United States v. Chavez-Miranda (9th Cir. September 30, 2002) 306 F.3d 973.

Pavao v. Pagay (9th Cir. September 30, 2002) 307 F.3d 915.

Henderson v. City of Simi Valley (9th Cir. September 24, 2002) 305 F.3d 1052.

Estate of Jeffrey Ford v. Ramirez-Palmer (9th Cir. August 23, 2002) 301 F.3d 1043.

Watson v. Riverside County (9th Cir. August 20, 2002) 300 F.3d 1092.

Torbet v. United Airlines (9th Cir. August 7, 2002) 298 F.3d 1087.

Stevens v. Rose (9th Cir. August 2, 2002) 298 F.3d 880.

Cortez v. County of Los Angeles (9th Cir. June 27, 2002) 294 F.3d 1186.

Billington v. City of Boise (9th Cir., June 21, 2002) 292 F.3d 1177.

United States v. Drayton (U.S. Supreme Court, June 17, 2002) 536 U.S. 194 [122 S.Ct. 2105, 153 L.Ed.2d 242].

Santos v. Gates (9th Cir. April 23, 2002) 287 F.3d 846.

Jones v. Williams (9th Cir. April 18, 2002) 286 F.3d 1159.

United States v. Mariscal (9th Cir. April 1, 2002) 285 F.3d 1127.

Ayuyu v. Tagabuel (9th Cir. March 20, 2002) 284 F.3d 1023.

Ramirez v. Butte-Silver Bow County (9th Cir. March 13, 2002) 283 F.3d 985.

People v. McKay (California Supreme Court, March 4, 2002) 27 Cal.4th 601 [117 Cal.Rptr.2d 236, 41 P.3d 59].

Butler v. Elle (9th Cir. February 26, 2002) 281 F.3d 1014.

Fairley v. Luman (9th Cir. February 15, 2002) 281 F.3d 913.

Robinson v. Solano County (9th Cir. February 4, 2002) 278 F.3d 1007.

Carey v. Nevada Gaming Control Board (9th Cir. February 4, 2002) 279 F.3d 873.

In re Arturo D. (California Supreme Court, January 24, 2002) 27 Cal.4th 60 [115 Cal.Rptr.2d 581, 38 P.3d 433].

United States v. Arvizu (U.S. Supreme Court, January 15, 2002) 534 U.S. 266 [122 S.Ct. 744, 151 L.Ed.2d 740].

Headwaters Forest Defense v. County of Humboldt (9th Cir. January 11, 2002, amended January 30, 2002) 276 F.3d 1125.

Susag v. City of Lake Forest (4th Dist., Div. 1, January 8, 2002) 94 Cal.App.4th 1401 [115 Cal.Rptr.2d 269].

Bishop Paiute Tribe v. County of Inyo (9th Cir. January 4, 2002) 275 F.3d 893.

Brewster v. Shasta County (9th Cir. December 28, 2001) 275 F.3d 803.

U.S. v. Knights (U.S. Supreme Court December 10, 2001) 534 U.S. 112 [151 L.Ed.2d 497, 122 S.Ct. 587].

Walker v. Kiousis (4th Dist., Div. 2, November 28, 2001) 93 Cal.App.4th 1432 [114 Cal.Rptr.2d 69].

Martinez v. City of Oxnard (9th Cir. October 30, 2001) 270 F.3d 852.

McFadden v. Villa (4th Dist., Div. 2, October 25, 2001) 93 Cal.App.4th 235 [113 Cal.Rptr.2d 80].

United States of America v. Chavez-Valenzuela (9th Cir. October 15, 2001) 268 F.3d 719.

Nadell v. Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department (9th Cir. October 5, 2001) 268 F.3d 924.

Jackson v. City of Bremerton (9th Cir. October 5, 2001) 268 F.3d 646.

Dubner v. City and County of San Francisco (9th Cir. September 4, 2001) 266 F.3d 959.

Deorle v. Rutherford (9th Cir. August 31, 2001 [amended opinion]) 263 F.3d 1106.

Fontana v. Haskin (9th Cir. August 22, 2001) 262 F.3d 871.

Sanford v. Motts (9th Cir. July 31, 2000) 258 F.3d 1117.

Estate of Amos v. City of Page (9th Cir. July 26, 2001) 257 F.3d 1086.

Watts v. County of Sacramento (9th Cir. July 16, 2001) 256 F.3d 886.

Nevada v. Hicks (U.S. Supreme Court, June 25, 2001) 533 U.S. 353 [150 L.Ed.2d 398, 121 S.Ct. 2304].

Zimmerman v. City of Oakland (9th Cir. June 21, 2001) 255 F.3d 734.

Saucier v. Katz (U.S. Supreme Court, June 18, 2001) 531 U.S. 991 [150 L.Ed.2d 272, 121 S.Ct. 2151].

Gritchen v. Collier (9th Cir. June 13, 2001) 254 F.3d 807.

Kyllo v. United States (U.S. Supreme Court, June 11, 2001) 533 U.S. 27 [150 L.Ed.2d 2294, 121 S.Ct. 2038].

Navarro v. Block (9th Cir. May 11, 2001) 250 F.3d 729.

Case v. Kitsap County Sheriff's Dept. (9th Cir. May 9, 2001) 249 F.3d 921.

Atwater v. Lago Vista (U.S. Supreme Court, April 24, 2001) 532 U.S. 318 [149 L.Ed.2d 549, 121 S.Ct. 1536].

Monroe v. City of Phoenix (9th Cir. April 17, 2001) 248 F.3d 851.

Illinois v. McArthur (U.S. Supreme Court, February 20, 2001) 531 U.S. 326 [148 L.Ed.2d 838, 121 S.Ct. 946].

Lee v. County of Los Angeles (9th Cir. February 14, 2001) 240 F.3d 754.

Choate v. County of Orange (4th Dist., Div. 3 January 17, 2001) 86 Cal.App.4th 312 [103 Cal.Rptr.2d 339].

Streit v. County of Los Angeles (9th Cir. January 12, 2001) 236 F.3d 552.

Adam v. State of Hawaii (9th Cir. December 20, 2000) 235 F.3d 1160.

Rupf v. Yan (1st Dist., Div. 2, December 11, 2000) 85 Cal.App.4th 411 [102 Cal.Rptr.2d 157].

City of Indianapolis v. Edmond (U.S. Supreme Court, November 28, 2000) 531 U.S. 32 [148 L.Gd.2d 333, 121 S.Ct. 447].

People v. Hoag (3rd Dist. September 28, 2000) 83 Cal.App.4th 1198 [100 Cal.Rptr.2d 556].

Munger v. City of Glasgow (9th Cir. September 6, 2000) 227 F.3d 1082.

County of Los Angeles v. District Court (Forsyth) (9th Cir. August 31, 2000) 223 F.3d 990.

Choi v. Gaston (9th Cir. August 8, 2000) 220 F.3d 1010.

United States v. Knights (9th Cir. August 3, 2000) 219 F.3d 1138.

Macias v. Ihde (9th Cir. July 20, 2000) 219 F.3d 1018.

Deveraux v. Perez (9th Cir. July 12, 2000) 218 F.3d 1045.

Dickerson v. United States (U.S. Supreme Court, June 26, 2000) 530 U.S. 428 [147 L.Ed.2d 405, 120 S.Ct. 2326].

Morales v. City of Los Angeles (9th Cir. June 12, 2000) 214 F.3d 1151.

Harvey v. Waldron (9th Cir. April 25, 2000) 210 F.3d 1008.

Brewer v. City of Napa (9th Cir. April 25, 2000) 210 F.3d 1093.

Bond v. United States (U.S. Supreme Court, April 17, 2000) 529 U.S. 334 [146 L.Ed.2d 365, 120 S.Ct. 1462].

United States v. Montero Camargo (9th Cir. April 11, 2000) 208 F.3d 1122.

Lalonde v. County of Riverside (9th Cir. February 25, 2000) 200 F.3d 947.

Illinois v. Wardlow (U.S. Supreme Court, January 12, 2000) 528 U.S. 119 [145 L.Ed.2d 570,120 S.Ct. 673].

Price v. Kramer (9th Cir. January 11, 2000) 200 F.3d 1237.

Hodgers-Durgin v. Lopez (9th Cir. December 21, 1999) 199 F.3d 1037.

Estate of Brooks v. United States of America (9th Cir. November 18, 1999) 197 F.3d 1245.

California Attorneys for Criminal Justice v. Butts (9th Cir. November 8, 1999) 195 F.3d 1039.

B.C. v. Plumas Unified School District (9th Cir. September 20, 1999) 192 F.3d 1260.

Wallis v. Spencer (9th Cir. September 14, 1999) 193 F.3d 1054.

Calabretta v. Floyd (9th Cir. August 26, 1999) 189 F.3d 808.

Nuno v. County of San Bernardino (C.D. Cal. July 28, 1999) 58 F.Supp.2d 1127.

Wilson v. Layne (U.S. Supreme Court, May 24, 1999) 526 U.S. 603 [143 S.Ct. 818, 119 L.Ed.2d 1692].

7.7 Police -- Release Of Police Records

Copley Press Inc. v. Superior Court (County of San Diego) (4th Dist., Div. 1, September 16, 2004) __Cal.App.4th__, 2004 Daily Journal DAR 11687, 2004 WL 2066578.

Seligsohn v. Day (1st Dist. Div. 2, August 10, 2004) __Cal.App.4th__, 2004 Daily Journal DAR 9795, 2004 WL 1775637.

People v. Johnson (4th Dist., Div. 3, May 4, 2004) 118 Cal.App.4th 292 [12 Cal.Rptr.3d 885].

Haggerty v. Superior Court (Guindazola) (4th Dist., Div.1, April 20, 2004) 117 Cal.App.4th 1079 [12 Cal.Rptr.3d 467].

Alvarez v. Superior Court (2nd Dist., Div.4, April 20, 2004) 117 Cal.App.4th 1167 [12 Cal.Rptr.3d 252].

Ebbert v. Superior Court (City of San Diego) (4th Dist., Div. 1, February 18, 2004) 115 Cal.App.4th 1012, [9 Cal.Rptr.3d 750].

City of Los Angeles v. Superior Court (Williamson) (4th Dist., Div. 3, August 27, 2003) 111 Cal.App.4th 883 [3 Cal.Rptr.3d 915].

Fagan v. The Superior Court of San Francisco County (The People) (1st Dist., Div. 1, August 22, 2003) 111 Cal.App.4th 607 [4 Cal.Rptr.3d 239].

Shaddox v. Bertani (1st Dist., Div. 4, July 30, 2003) 110 Cal.App.4th 1406 [2 Cal.Rptr.3d 808].

People v. Jackson (5th Dist. July 7, 2003) 110 Cal.App.4th 280 [1 Cal.Rptr.3d 561].

Brant v. Superior Court (City of Los Angeles) (2nd Dist. April 17, 2003) 108 Cal.App.4th 100 [132 Cal.Rptr.2d 783].

Coronado Police Officers Association v. Carroll (4th Dist., Div. 1, March 6, 2003) 106 Cal.App.4th 1001 [131 Cal.Rptr.2d 553].

Davis v. City of San Diego (4th Dist., Div. 1, March 3, 2003) 106 Cal.App.4th 893 [131 Cal.Rptr.2d 266].

Alford v. Superior Court (The People) (California Supreme Court, February 27, 2003) 29 Cal.4th 1033 [130 Cal.Rptr.2d 672].

Rackauckas v. The Superior Court of Los Angeles County (Los Angeles Times) (4th Dist., Div. 3, December 9, 2002) 104 Cal.App.4th 169 [128 Cal.Rptr.2d 234].

Fletcher v. The Superior Court of Alameda County (Oakland Police Department) (1st Dist., Div. 2, July 19, 2002) 100 Cal.App.4th 386 [123 Cal.Rptr.2d 99].

City of Los Angeles v. Superior Court (Davenport) (2nd Dist., Div. 3, February 15, 2002) 96 Cal.App.4th 255 [116 Cal.Rptr.2d 807].

The People v. Mooc (Cal. Supreme Court December 24, 2001) 26 Cal.4th 1216 [114 Cal.Rptr.2d 482].

Haynie v. Superior Court (County of Los Angeles) (California Supreme Court, October 1, 2001) 26 Cal.4th 1061 [112 Cal.Rptr.2d 80, 31 P.3d 760].

Nicholas v. Wallenstein (9th Cir. September 11, 2001) 266 F.3d 1083.

Garden Grove Police Dept. v. Superior Court (Reiman) (4th Dist., Div. 3, May 9, 2001) 89 Cal.App.4th 430 [107 Cal.Rptr.2d 641].

Green & Shinee v. Superior Court (People) (2nd Dist., Div. 6, April 16, 2001) 88 Cal.App.4th 532 [105 Cal.Rptr.2d 886].

California Highway Patrol v. Superior Court (Luna) (6th Dist. November 9, 2000) 84 Cal.App.4th 110 [101 Cal.Rptr.2d 379].

County of Los Angeles v. Superior Court (Axelrod) (2nd Dist., Div. 2, July 31, 2000) 82 Cal.App.4th 819 [98 Cal.Rptr.2d 564].

Rosales v. City of Los Angeles (2nd Dist., Div. 5, July 19, 2000) 82 Cal.App.4th 419 [98 Cal.Rptr.2d 144].